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Homosexual behavior in animals is sexual behavior among non-human species that is interpreted as homosexual or bisexual. This may include sexual activity, courtship, affection, pair bonding, and parenting among same-sex animal pairs. Research indicates that various forms of this are found throughout the animal kingdom.〔("Same-sex Behavior Seen In Nearly All Animals, Review Finds" ), Science Daily〕 As of 1999, about 500 species, ranging from primates to gut worms, have been documented engaging in same-sex behaviors. According to the organizers of the 2006 Against Nature? exhibit, it has been observed in 1,500 species.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = University of Oslo )〕 According to Bruce Bagemihl, "the animal kingdom The sexual behavior of non-human animals takes many different forms, even within the same species, though homosexual behavior is best known from social species. The motivations for and implications of these behaviors have yet to be fully understood, since most species have yet to be fully studied. The observation of homosexual behavior in animals can be seen as both an argument for and against the acceptance of homosexuality in humans, and has been used especially against the claim that it is a ''peccatum contra naturam'' ("sin against nature").〔 For instance, homosexuality in animals was cited by the American Psychiatric Association and other groups in their amici curiae brief to the United States Supreme Court in ''Lawrence v. Texas'', which ultimately struck down the sodomy laws of 14 states.〔〔(Brief for Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioners, ''Lawrence v. Texas'' )〕 ==Applying the term ''homosexual'' to animals== The term ''homosexual'' was coined by Karl-Maria Kertbeny in 1868 to describe same-sex sexual attraction and sexual behavior in humans.〔The first known use of the word ''Homoseksuäl'' is found in Benkert Kertbeny, K.M. (1869): Paragraph 143 des Preussichen Strafgesetzebuches vom 14/4-1851 und seine Aufrechterhaltung als Paragraph 152 im Entwurf eines Strafgesetzbuches fur den Norddeutschen Bundes, Leipzig, 1869. Reprinted in ''Jahrbuch fur sexuelle Zwischenstufen 7'' (1905), pp. 1-66〕 Its use in animal studies has been controversial for two main reasons: animal sexuality and motivating factors have been and remain poorly understood, and the term has strong cultural implications in western society that are irrelevant for species other than humans. Thus homosexual behavior has been given a number of terms over the years. When describing animals, the term ''homosexual'' is preferred over ''gay'', ''lesbian'', and other terms currently in use, as these are seen as even more bound to human homosexuality.〔Bagemihl 1999, pp. 122-166.〕 Animal preference and motivation is always inferred from behavior. In wild animals, researchers will as a rule not be able to map the entire life of an individual, and must infer from frequency of single observations of behavior. The correct usage of the term ''homosexual'' is that an animal ''exhibits homosexual behavior'' or even ''same-sex sexual behavior''; however, this article conforms to the usage by modern research,〔〔Joan Roughgarden, Evolutions rainbow: Diversity, gender and sexuality in nature and people, University of California Press, Berkeley, 2004; pp.13-183〕〔Vasey, Paul L. (1995), Homosexual behaviour in primates: A review of evidence and theory, International Journal of Primatology 16: p 173-204〕〔Sommer, Volker & Paul L. Vasey (2006), Homosexual Behaviour in Animals, An Evolutionary Perspective. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-86446-1〕 applying the term ''homosexuality'' to all sexual behavior (copulation, genital stimulation, mating games and sexual display behavior) between animals of the same sex. In most instances, it is presumed that the homosexual behavior is but part of the animal's overall sexual behavioral repertoire, making the animal "bisexual" rather than "homosexual" as the terms are commonly understood in humans,〔 but cases of homosexual preference and exclusive homosexual pairs are known.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Homosexual behavior in animals」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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